ASM                         Automated Storage Management 自动存储管理
ASM 是 Oracle 数据库 10g 中一个非常出色的新特性，它以平台无关的方式提供了文件系统、逻辑卷管理器以及软件 RAID（磁盘阵列） 等服务。ASM 可以条带化和镜像磁盘，从而实现了在数据库被加载的情况下添加或移除磁盘以及自动平衡 I/O 以删除“热点”。它还支持直接和异步的 I/O 并使用 Oracle9i 中引入的 Oracle 数据管理器 API（简化的 I/O 系统调用接口）。

RAC                        缩写    real application cluses 实时应用集群
RAC是real application clusters的缩写，译为“实时应用集群”， 是Oracle新版数据库中采用的一项新技术，是高可用性的一种，也是Oracle数据库支持网格计算环境的核心技术。

CRS                        Oracle Cluster Ready Service(Oracle集群就绪服务),简称CRS
在10g和11.1，Oracle的集群称为CRS(Oracle Cluster Ready Service)， 在11.2，Oracle的集群称为GI (Grid Infrastructure)。 对于CRS/GI，他们的一些核心进程的功能基本类似，但是在11.2，新增了很多新的Deamon进程。

从Oracle 10gR1 RAC 开始，Oracle推出了自身的集群软件，这个软件的名称叫做Oracle Cluster Ready Service(Oracle集群就绪服务),简称CRS。从Oracle 10gR2开始,包括最新的11g，Oracle将其更名为Clusterware(集群件)，但通常意义上我们认为CRS = Clusterware = Oracle Cluster Ready Service = Oracle Cluster Software.
CRS一般用来搭建Oracle的并行数据库，即RAC，但除了与RAC的接口之外，CRS还提供了一组高可用性的应用程序接口(API)，用来搭建一般应用程序的高可用集群，即一般我们常说的双机热备，比如使用CRS实现MySQL的双机热备。

OCR                       Oracle cluster register         Oracle Configuration Repository

CVU                       Cluster Verification Utility
在安装RAC的过程中，如果没有安装cvuqdisk包，那么集群检验工具（Cluster Verification Utility，CVU）就不能发现共享磁盘。而且，如果没有安装该包或者安装的版本不对的话，那么当运行集群检验工具的时候就会报“PRVF-10037 : Failed to retrieve storage type for “” on node “””或“Could not get the type of storage”或“PRVF-07017: Package cvuqdisk not installed”的错误。cvuqdisk的RPM包含在Oracle Grid Infrastructure安装介质上的rpm目录中。以root用户在RAC的2个节点上都进行安装

 

ACD = Active Change Directory

ACFS = ASM Cluster File System

ADDM = Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor

ADR = Automatic Diagnostic Repository

ADVM = ASM Dynamic Volume Manager

AIO = Asynchronous I/O

AMDU = ASM Metadata Dump Utility

AMM = Automatic Memory Management

ARC = Archive process

ASH = Active Session History

ASM = Automatic Storage Management

ASMB = ASM Background process

ASMCA = ASM Configuration Assistant

ASMCMD = ASM CoMmanD line utility

ASMLIB = ASM LIBrary tool

ASMM = Automatic Shared Memory Management

ASMSNMP = ASM Simple Network Management Protocol

AT = Allocation Table

ATA = Advanced Technology Attachment

AU = Allocation Unit

AWR = Automatic Workload Repository

BH = Block Header

BMC = Baseboard Management Controller

BS = Block Size

CBO = Cost-Based Optimizer

CF = Control File

CFS = Cluster FileSystem

CHM = Cluster Health Monitor

CIO = Concurrent I/O

CKPT = ChecKPoinT process

CLUVFY = CLUster VeriFy utility

COD = Continuing Operation Directory

CPU = Central Processing Unit or Critical Patch Update

CRM = Customer Relationship Management

CRS = Cluster Ready Services

CSS = Cluster Synchronization Services

CSV = Comma-Separated Values

CVM = Cluster Volume Manager

DB = DataBase

DBCA = DataBase Configuration Assistant

DBFS = DataBase File System

DBM = DataBase Machine

DBMS = DataBase Management Systems

DBPERF = DataBase PERFormance

DBV = DataBase Verification tool

DBW = DataBase Writer process

DD = Disk Directory or Data Description tool

DES = Database Excelleration Systems Inc.

DG = DiskGroup

DH = Disk Header

DIO = Direct I/O

DISM = Dynamic Intimate Shared Memory

DM = Device Mapper

DNFS = Direct Network File System

DRAM = Dynamic Random Access Memory

DSS = Decision Support System

DUL = Data UnLoader

DW = Data Warehouse

EIDE = Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics

ERP = Enterprise Resource Planning

ETA = Estimated Time of Arrival

ETL = Extract Transform Load

FD = File Directory

FG = FailGroup

FRA = Flash Recovery Area or Fast Recovery Area

FS = FileSystem

FST = Free Segments Table

FTS = Full Table Scan

GC = Grid Control

GI = Grid Infrastructure

GUI = Graphical User Interface

HA = High Availability

HARD = Hardware Assisted Resilient Data

HB = Heart Beat

HBA = Host Bus Adapter

IDE = Integrated Drive Electronics

IIS = Internet Information Services

INST = INSTance

IO = Input/Output

IOPS = IO Per Second

IOT = Index Organized Table

IP = Internet Protocol

IPMI = Intelligent Platform Management Interface

JET = Joint Escalation Team

JFS = Journaled FileSystem

KB = KiloByte

KFED = Kernel Files metadata EDitor

KFOD = Kernel Files Osm disk[group] Discovery

LGWR = redo LoG WRiter process

LLT = Veritas Low Latency Transport protocol

LSNR = LiSteNeR

LUN = Logical Unit Number

LVM = Logical Volume Manager

MAA = Maximum Availability Architecture

MB = MegaByte

NAS = Network Attached Storage

NetApp = Network Appliance

NETCA = NETwork Configuration Assistant

NFS = Network FileSystem

NIC = Network Interface Controller

OCFS = Oracle Cluster FileSystem

OCR = Oracle Cluster Registry

ODM = Oracle Disk Manager

ODS = Operational Data Store

OEL = Oracle Enterprise Linux

OEM = Oracle Enterprise Manager

OID = Oracle Internet Directory

OLAP = OnLine Analytical Processing

OLTP = OnLine Transaction Processing

OMS = Oracle Management Service

OPATCH = Oracle PATCHing utility

OS = Operating System

OSCP = Oracle Storage Compatibility Program

OSW = OS Watcher

OSWFW = OS Watcher For Windows

OTN = Oracle Technology Network

OUI = Oracle Universal Installer

PB = PetaByte

PFILE = Parameter FILE

PGA = Program Global Area

PID = Proces ID

PL/SQL = Procedural Language/Structured Query Language

POC = Proof Of Concept

PROCWATCHER = PROCess WATCHER

PST = Partnership Status Table

PSU = Patch Set Update

PX = Parrallel eXecution

RAC = Real Application Cluster

RAID = Redundant Array of Independent Disks

RAM = Random Access Memory

RBAL = ReBALance process

RCA = Root Cause Analysis

RDA = Remote Diagnostic Agent

RDBMS = Relational DataBase Management System

RHEL = RedHat Enterprise Linux

RM = Resource Manager

RMAN = Recovery MANager

RPM = Resource Package Manager

SAN = Storage Area Network

SAS = Serial Attached SCSI

SATA = Serial Advanced Technology Attachment

SCAN = Single Client Access Name

SCSI = Small Computer System Interface

SGA = System Global Area

SLA = Service Level Agreement

SMF = Service Management Facility

SPFILE = Server Parameter FILE

SQL = Structured Query Language

SRDF = EMC Symmetrix Remote Data Facility

SSD = Solid State Disk

SVCTM = average SerViCe TiMe

SVM = Solaris Volume Manager

TB = TeraByte

TCP = Transmission Control Protocol

TDE = Transparent Data Encryption

TKPROF = Transient Kernel PROFile

TNS = Transparent Network Substrate

UDEV = Unix DEVice manager

UDP = User Datagram Protocol

UFG = Umbilicus ForeGround process

UFS = User FileSystem

VBG = Volume BackGround process

VCS = Veritas Cluster Server

VD = Voting Disk

VDBG = Volume Driver BackGround process

VIP = Virtual Internet Portocol

VLDB = Very Large DataBase

VM = Virtual Machine

VMB = Volume Membership BackGround process

VxFS = Veritas File System

VxVM = Veritas Volume Manager

XDB = XML DataBase